PHILOSOPHICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BRAVERY IN JACK LONDON’S WORKS

Abstract

This article explores the philosophical and ideological foundations of bravery in Jack London’s literary works. By examining his narratives through the lens of naturalism, social Darwinism, and existentialist themes, the study identifies the key elements that shape the portrayal of courage in his stories. The research utilizes literary analysis and thematic interpretation to highlight the ways in which London’s characters embody resilience and heroism in the face of adversity. The findings suggest that London’s conception of bravery is deeply intertwined with survival, individualism, and the human struggle against nature and society.