INNOVATIONS IN THYROID CANCER MANAGEMENT: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND TARGETED THERAPIES

Abstract

Thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy, has experienced significant advancements in its diagnosis and treatment, driven by a deeper understanding of molecular biology. This review explores the transformative role of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies in improving outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer. Genetic profiling has enabled the identification of key mutations, such as BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC, facilitating more accurate risk stratification and personalized treatment planning. Targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have emerged as promising alternatives for advanced or refractory cases, offering enhanced efficacy with reduced systemic toxicity. Additionally, liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing are revolutionizing monitoring and therapeutic decision-making. Despite these advances, challenges remain in for multidisciplinary collaboration and further research to refine and expand the application of these innovations, ultimately aiming to improve patient survival and quality of life. overcoming resistance mechanisms and optimizing integration into clinical practice. This study underscores the need