ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION INSTITUTIONS IN GERMANY, FRANCE, AND JAPAN
Keywords:
consumer rights, electronic commerce, VZBV, DGCCRF, CNIL, CAA, NCAC, consumer protection, mediation, arbitration, digital trade, institutional mechanisms, Uzbekistan, cross-border e-commerce, legal awareness.Abstract
This article examines the practical activities of consumer protection institutions in Germany, France, and Japan in the context of electronic commerce. It highlights the legal and institutional mechanisms these countries use to protect consumers from unfair commercial practices, misinformation, and contract opacity. The analysis emphasizes the role of both state and civil society organizations, such as Germany's VZBV and Stiftung Warentest, France's DGCCRF and CNIL, and Japan's CAA and NCAC. The study also stresses the importance of mediation and arbitration mechanisms, transparency in information, and cross-border cooperation in resolving disputes. The institutional models discussed here serve as examples for developing countries, including Uzbekistan, in strengthening legal and practical consumer protection in the digital marketplace.
