ENHANCING READING AND WRITING SKILLS IN EFL CONTEXTS THROUGH LEARNER-CENTERED PEDAGOGY AND CLUSTER-BASED INSTRUCTION: INSIGHTS FROM UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

Reading and writing are foundational components of English language education. Despite their importance, they remain some of the most complex skills to teach and learn, particularly for EFL learners. This paper explores theoretical and practical strategies to improve reading comprehension and writing proficiency, focusing on Uzbek educational contexts. It examines modern methodologies, including the cluster system, digital tools, and scaffolding strategies, and evaluates their impact on learner outcomes. Drawing from both global and Uzbek scholarship, the study highlights how learner-centered and culturally adaptive approaches contribute to meaningful literacy development in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings.